Assessment of Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: Review and Future Directions

European Health Risk Assessment Network on Electromagnetic Fields Exposure Risk analysis of human exposure to electromagnetic fields

Exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields. A review of open questions on exposure assessment techniques.

European Directive 2004/40/EC on occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), based on the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, was to be implemented in the Member States of the European Union by 2008. Because of some unexpected problems the deadline was postponed until 2012. This paper reviews some of the problems identified and presents so...

In vitro exposure of human chondrocytes to pulsed electromagnetic fields.

The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on the proliferation and survival of matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI)-derived cells was studied to ascertain the healing potential of PEMFs. MACI-derived cells were taken from cartilage biopsies 6 months after surgery and cultured. No dedifferentiation towards the fibro- blastic phenotype occurred, indicating the succe...

Methods of health risk assessment for human exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields

The paper reviews some topics in human exposure to high frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields based on certain integral equation formulations and related numerical solution procedures. Illustrative computational examples are related to the human eye and the human brain exposed to HF radiation. The obtained numerical results for specific absorption rate (SAR) are compared against exposure limits...

Human disease resulting from exposure to electromagnetic fields.

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) include everything from cosmic rays through visible light to the electric and magnetic fields associated with electricity. While the high frequency fields have sufficient energy to cause cancer, the question of whether there are human health hazards associated with communication radiofrequency (RF) EMFs and those associated with use of electricity remains controver...